[PATCH 23/37] binder: make sure accesses to proc/thread are safe
Todd Kjos
tkjos at android.com
Thu Jun 29 19:01:57 UTC 2017
binder_thread and binder_proc may be accessed by other
threads when processing transaction. Therefore they
must be prevented from being freed while a transaction
is in progress that references them.
This is done by introducing a temporary reference
counter for threads and procs that indicates that the
object is in use and must not be freed. binder_thread_dec_tmpref()
and binder_proc_dec_tmpref() are used to decrement
the temporary reference.
It is safe to free a binder_thread if there
is no reference and it has been released
(indicated by thread->is_dead).
It is safe to free a binder_proc if it has no
remaining threads and no reference.
A spinlock is added to the binder_transaction
to safely access and set references for t->from
and for debug code to safely access t->to_thread
and t->to_proc.
Signed-off-by: Todd Kjos <tkjos at google.com>
---
drivers/android/binder.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
1 file changed, 206 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/android/binder.c b/drivers/android/binder.c
index fb79f40111eb..ca7d866b89e8 100644
--- a/drivers/android/binder.c
+++ b/drivers/android/binder.c
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ struct binder_proc {
struct files_struct *files;
struct hlist_node deferred_work_node;
int deferred_work;
+ bool is_dead;
struct list_head todo;
wait_queue_head_t wait;
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@ struct binder_proc {
int requested_threads;
int requested_threads_started;
int ready_threads;
+ int tmp_ref;
long default_priority;
struct dentry *debugfs_entry;
struct binder_alloc alloc;
@@ -360,6 +362,8 @@ struct binder_thread {
struct binder_error reply_error;
wait_queue_head_t wait;
struct binder_stats stats;
+ atomic_t tmp_ref;
+ bool is_dead;
};
struct binder_transaction {
@@ -379,10 +383,19 @@ struct binder_transaction {
long priority;
long saved_priority;
kuid_t sender_euid;
+ /**
+ * @lock: protects @from, @to_proc, and @to_thread
+ *
+ * @from, @to_proc, and @to_thread can be set to NULL
+ * during thread teardown
+ */
+ spinlock_t lock;
};
static void
binder_defer_work(struct binder_proc *proc, enum binder_deferred_state defer);
+static void binder_free_thread(struct binder_thread *thread);
+static void binder_free_proc(struct binder_proc *proc);
static int task_get_unused_fd_flags(struct binder_proc *proc, int flags)
{
@@ -780,6 +793,79 @@ static void binder_pop_transaction(struct binder_thread *target_thread,
t->from = NULL;
}
+/**
+ * binder_thread_dec_tmpref() - decrement thread->tmp_ref
+ * @thread: thread to decrement
+ *
+ * A thread needs to be kept alive while being used to create or
+ * handle a transaction. binder_get_txn_from() is used to safely
+ * extract t->from from a binder_transaction and keep the thread
+ * indicated by t->from from being freed. When done with that
+ * binder_thread, this function is called to decrement the
+ * tmp_ref and free if appropriate (thread has been released
+ * and no transaction being processed by the driver)
+ */
+static void binder_thread_dec_tmpref(struct binder_thread *thread)
+{
+ /*
+ * atomic is used to protect the counter value while
+ * it cannot reach zero or thread->is_dead is false
+ *
+ * TODO: future patch adds locking to ensure that the
+ * check of tmp_ref and is_dead is done with a lock held
+ */
+ atomic_dec(&thread->tmp_ref);
+ if (thread->is_dead && !atomic_read(&thread->tmp_ref)) {
+ binder_free_thread(thread);
+ return;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * binder_proc_dec_tmpref() - decrement proc->tmp_ref
+ * @proc: proc to decrement
+ *
+ * A binder_proc needs to be kept alive while being used to create or
+ * handle a transaction. proc->tmp_ref is incremented when
+ * creating a new transaction or the binder_proc is currently in-use
+ * by threads that are being released. When done with the binder_proc,
+ * this function is called to decrement the counter and free the
+ * proc if appropriate (proc has been released, all threads have
+ * been released and not currenly in-use to process a transaction).
+ */
+static void binder_proc_dec_tmpref(struct binder_proc *proc)
+{
+ proc->tmp_ref--;
+ if (proc->is_dead && RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&proc->threads) &&
+ !proc->tmp_ref) {
+ binder_free_proc(proc);
+ return;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * binder_get_txn_from() - safely extract the "from" thread in transaction
+ * @t: binder transaction for t->from
+ *
+ * Atomically return the "from" thread and increment the tmp_ref
+ * count for the thread to ensure it stays alive until
+ * binder_thread_dec_tmpref() is called.
+ *
+ * Return: the value of t->from
+ */
+static struct binder_thread *binder_get_txn_from(
+ struct binder_transaction *t)
+{
+ struct binder_thread *from;
+
+ spin_lock(&t->lock);
+ from = t->from;
+ if (from)
+ atomic_inc(&from->tmp_ref);
+ spin_unlock(&t->lock);
+ return from;
+}
+
static void binder_free_transaction(struct binder_transaction *t)
{
if (t->buffer)
@@ -796,7 +882,7 @@ static void binder_send_failed_reply(struct binder_transaction *t,
BUG_ON(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY);
while (1) {
- target_thread = t->from;
+ target_thread = binder_get_txn_from(t);
if (target_thread) {
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_FAILED_TRANSACTION,
"send failed reply for transaction %d to %d:%d\n",
@@ -815,6 +901,7 @@ static void binder_send_failed_reply(struct binder_transaction *t,
WARN(1, "Unexpected reply error: %u\n",
target_thread->reply_error.cmd);
}
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(target_thread);
binder_free_transaction(t);
return;
}
@@ -1395,7 +1482,7 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
binder_size_t *offp, *off_end, *off_start;
binder_size_t off_min;
u8 *sg_bufp, *sg_buf_end;
- struct binder_proc *target_proc;
+ struct binder_proc *target_proc = NULL;
struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;
struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;
struct list_head *target_list;
@@ -1432,12 +1519,14 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
}
binder_set_nice(in_reply_to->saved_priority);
if (in_reply_to->to_thread != thread) {
+ spin_lock(&in_reply_to->lock);
binder_user_error("%d:%d got reply transaction with bad transaction stack, transaction %d has target %d:%d\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, in_reply_to->debug_id,
in_reply_to->to_proc ?
in_reply_to->to_proc->pid : 0,
in_reply_to->to_thread ?
in_reply_to->to_thread->pid : 0);
+ spin_unlock(&in_reply_to->lock);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
return_error_param = -EPROTO;
return_error_line = __LINE__;
@@ -1445,7 +1534,7 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
goto err_bad_call_stack;
}
thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;
- target_thread = in_reply_to->from;
+ target_thread = binder_get_txn_from(in_reply_to);
if (target_thread == NULL) {
return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
return_error_line = __LINE__;
@@ -1465,6 +1554,7 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
goto err_dead_binder;
}
target_proc = target_thread->proc;
+ target_proc->tmp_ref++;
} else {
if (tr->target.handle) {
struct binder_ref *ref;
@@ -1508,6 +1598,7 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
return_error_line = __LINE__;
goto err_dead_binder;
}
+ target_proc->tmp_ref++;
if (security_binder_transaction(proc->tsk,
target_proc->tsk) < 0) {
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
@@ -1520,19 +1611,30 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
tmp = thread->transaction_stack;
if (tmp->to_thread != thread) {
+ spin_lock(&tmp->lock);
binder_user_error("%d:%d got new transaction with bad transaction stack, transaction %d has target %d:%d\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid, tmp->debug_id,
tmp->to_proc ? tmp->to_proc->pid : 0,
tmp->to_thread ?
tmp->to_thread->pid : 0);
+ spin_unlock(&tmp->lock);
return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;
return_error_param = -EPROTO;
return_error_line = __LINE__;
goto err_bad_call_stack;
}
while (tmp) {
- if (tmp->from && tmp->from->proc == target_proc)
- target_thread = tmp->from;
+ struct binder_thread *from;
+
+ spin_lock(&tmp->lock);
+ from = tmp->from;
+ if (from && from->proc == target_proc) {
+ atomic_inc(&from->tmp_ref);
+ target_thread = from;
+ spin_unlock(&tmp->lock);
+ break;
+ }
+ spin_unlock(&tmp->lock);
tmp = tmp->from_parent;
}
}
@@ -1556,6 +1658,7 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
goto err_alloc_t_failed;
}
binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION);
+ spin_lock_init(&t->lock);
tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);
if (tcomplete == NULL) {
@@ -1814,6 +1917,8 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);
if (reply) {
+ if (target_thread->is_dead)
+ goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);
binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
binder_free_transaction(in_reply_to);
@@ -1822,6 +1927,11 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
t->need_reply = 1;
t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
thread->transaction_stack = t;
+ if (target_proc->is_dead ||
+ (target_thread && target_thread->is_dead)) {
+ binder_pop_transaction(thread, t);
+ goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
+ }
} else {
BUG_ON(target_node == NULL);
BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 1);
@@ -1830,6 +1940,9 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
target_wait = NULL;
} else
target_node->has_async_transaction = 1;
+ if (target_proc->is_dead ||
+ (target_thread && target_thread->is_dead))
+ goto err_dead_proc_or_thread;
}
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
@@ -1839,6 +1952,9 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
else
wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);
}
+ if (target_thread)
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(target_thread);
+ binder_proc_dec_tmpref(target_proc);
/*
* write barrier to synchronize with initialization
* of log entry
@@ -1847,6 +1963,9 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
WRITE_ONCE(e->debug_id_done, t_debug_id);
return;
+err_dead_proc_or_thread:
+ return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;
+ return_error_line = __LINE__;
err_translate_failed:
err_bad_object_type:
err_bad_offset:
@@ -1869,6 +1988,10 @@ static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc,
err_dead_binder:
err_invalid_target_handle:
err_no_context_mgr_node:
+ if (target_thread)
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(target_thread);
+ if (target_proc)
+ binder_proc_dec_tmpref(target_proc);
if (target_node)
binder_dec_node(target_node, 1, 0);
@@ -2421,6 +2544,7 @@ static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
struct binder_transaction_data tr;
struct binder_work *w;
struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;
+ struct binder_thread *t_from;
if (!list_empty(&thread->todo)) {
w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work,
@@ -2609,8 +2733,9 @@ static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
tr.flags = t->flags;
tr.sender_euid = from_kuid(current_user_ns(), t->sender_euid);
- if (t->from) {
- struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;
+ t_from = binder_get_txn_from(t);
+ if (t_from) {
+ struct task_struct *sender = t_from->proc->tsk;
tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender,
task_active_pid_ns(current));
@@ -2627,11 +2752,17 @@ static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size,
sizeof(void *));
- if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))
+ if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) {
+ if (t_from)
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(t_from);
return -EFAULT;
+ }
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
- if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))
+ if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr))) {
+ if (t_from)
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(t_from);
return -EFAULT;
+ }
ptr += sizeof(tr);
trace_binder_transaction_received(t);
@@ -2641,11 +2772,13 @@ static int binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc,
proc->pid, thread->pid,
(cmd == BR_TRANSACTION) ? "BR_TRANSACTION" :
"BR_REPLY",
- t->debug_id, t->from ? t->from->proc->pid : 0,
- t->from ? t->from->pid : 0, cmd,
+ t->debug_id, t_from ? t_from->proc->pid : 0,
+ t_from ? t_from->pid : 0, cmd,
t->buffer->data_size, t->buffer->offsets_size,
(u64)tr.data.ptr.buffer, (u64)tr.data.ptr.offsets);
+ if (t_from)
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(t_from);
list_del(&t->work.entry);
t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;
if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {
@@ -2757,6 +2890,7 @@ static struct binder_thread *binder_get_thread(struct binder_proc *proc)
binder_stats_created(BINDER_STAT_THREAD);
thread->proc = proc;
thread->pid = current->pid;
+ atomic_set(&thread->tmp_ref, 0);
init_waitqueue_head(&thread->wait);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&thread->todo);
rb_link_node(&thread->rb_node, parent, p);
@@ -2770,18 +2904,55 @@ static struct binder_thread *binder_get_thread(struct binder_proc *proc)
return thread;
}
-static int binder_free_thread(struct binder_proc *proc,
- struct binder_thread *thread)
+static void binder_free_proc(struct binder_proc *proc)
+{
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&proc->todo));
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&proc->delivered_death));
+ binder_alloc_deferred_release(&proc->alloc);
+ put_task_struct(proc->tsk);
+ binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_PROC);
+ kfree(proc);
+}
+
+static void binder_free_thread(struct binder_thread *thread)
+{
+ BUG_ON(!list_empty(&thread->todo));
+ binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_THREAD);
+ binder_proc_dec_tmpref(thread->proc);
+ kfree(thread);
+}
+
+static int binder_thread_release(struct binder_proc *proc,
+ struct binder_thread *thread)
{
struct binder_transaction *t;
struct binder_transaction *send_reply = NULL;
int active_transactions = 0;
+ struct binder_transaction *last_t = NULL;
+ /*
+ * take a ref on the proc so it survives
+ * after we remove this thread from proc->threads.
+ * The corresponding dec is when we actually
+ * free the thread in binder_free_thread()
+ */
+ proc->tmp_ref++;
+ /*
+ * take a ref on this thread to ensure it
+ * survives while we are releasing it
+ */
+ atomic_inc(&thread->tmp_ref);
rb_erase(&thread->rb_node, &proc->threads);
t = thread->transaction_stack;
- if (t && t->to_thread == thread)
- send_reply = t;
+ if (t) {
+ spin_lock(&t->lock);
+ if (t->to_thread == thread)
+ send_reply = t;
+ }
+ thread->is_dead = true;
+
while (t) {
+ last_t = t;
active_transactions++;
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_DEAD_TRANSACTION,
"release %d:%d transaction %d %s, still active\n",
@@ -2802,12 +2973,15 @@ static int binder_free_thread(struct binder_proc *proc,
t = t->from_parent;
} else
BUG();
+ spin_unlock(&last_t->lock);
+ if (t)
+ spin_lock(&t->lock);
}
+
if (send_reply)
binder_send_failed_reply(send_reply, BR_DEAD_REPLY);
binder_release_work(&thread->todo);
- kfree(thread);
- binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_THREAD);
+ binder_thread_dec_tmpref(thread);
return active_transactions;
}
@@ -2995,7 +3169,7 @@ static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
case BINDER_THREAD_EXIT:
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_THREADS, "%d:%d exit\n",
proc->pid, thread->pid);
- binder_free_thread(proc, thread);
+ binder_thread_release(proc, thread);
thread = NULL;
break;
case BINDER_VERSION: {
@@ -3265,7 +3439,13 @@ static void binder_deferred_release(struct binder_proc *proc)
context->binder_context_mgr_node = NULL;
}
mutex_unlock(&context->context_mgr_node_lock);
+ /*
+ * Make sure proc stays alive after we
+ * remove all the threads
+ */
+ proc->tmp_ref++;
+ proc->is_dead = true;
threads = 0;
active_transactions = 0;
while ((n = rb_first(&proc->threads))) {
@@ -3273,7 +3453,7 @@ static void binder_deferred_release(struct binder_proc *proc)
thread = rb_entry(n, struct binder_thread, rb_node);
threads++;
- active_transactions += binder_free_thread(proc, thread);
+ active_transactions += binder_thread_release(proc, thread);
}
nodes = 0;
@@ -3299,17 +3479,12 @@ static void binder_deferred_release(struct binder_proc *proc)
binder_release_work(&proc->todo);
binder_release_work(&proc->delivered_death);
- binder_alloc_deferred_release(&proc->alloc);
- binder_stats_deleted(BINDER_STAT_PROC);
-
- put_task_struct(proc->tsk);
-
binder_debug(BINDER_DEBUG_OPEN_CLOSE,
"%s: %d threads %d, nodes %d (ref %d), refs %d, active transactions %d\n",
__func__, proc->pid, threads, nodes, incoming_refs,
outgoing_refs, active_transactions);
- kfree(proc);
+ binder_proc_dec_tmpref(proc);
}
static void binder_deferred_func(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -3370,6 +3545,7 @@ binder_defer_work(struct binder_proc *proc, enum binder_deferred_state defer)
static void print_binder_transaction(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix,
struct binder_transaction *t)
{
+ spin_lock(&t->lock);
seq_printf(m,
"%s %d: %p from %d:%d to %d:%d code %x flags %x pri %ld r%d",
prefix, t->debug_id, t,
@@ -3378,6 +3554,8 @@ static void print_binder_transaction(struct seq_file *m, const char *prefix,
t->to_proc ? t->to_proc->pid : 0,
t->to_thread ? t->to_thread->pid : 0,
t->code, t->flags, t->priority, t->need_reply);
+ spin_unlock(&t->lock);
+
if (t->buffer == NULL) {
seq_puts(m, " buffer free\n");
return;
@@ -3442,9 +3620,10 @@ static void print_binder_thread(struct seq_file *m,
size_t start_pos = m->count;
size_t header_pos;
- seq_printf(m, " thread %d: l %02x need_return %d\n",
+ seq_printf(m, " thread %d: l %02x need_return %d tr %d\n",
thread->pid, thread->looper,
- thread->looper_need_return);
+ thread->looper_need_return,
+ atomic_read(&thread->tmp_ref));
header_pos = m->count;
t = thread->transaction_stack;
while (t) {
--
2.13.2.725.g09c95d1e9-goog
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